In a major step toward strengthening bilateral ties and unlocking new mineral frontiers, Mongolia and Uzbekistan are advancing strategic cooperation in geological exploration and mining. As both nations seek to cement their positions in the global critical minerals supply chain, a new chapter of partnership is unfolding—anchored in shared expertise, resource complementarity, and geopolitical opportunity.
Mongolia: Untapped Resource Giant Eyes Diversification
Mongolia is home to significant untapped reserves of uranium, copper, gold, and rare earth elements. According to the World Nuclear Association, the country ranks 12th globally in uranium reserves, with confirmed resources of 60,500 tons and potential deposits estimated at over 1.3 million tons. Despite ongoing activities by major players such as France’s Orano Mining and Russia’s Rosatom Nedra, large parts of the country’s mineral wealth remain unexplored—offering attractive openings for new international partnerships.
Uzbekistan: Leveraging Experience and Technology
Meanwhile, Uzbekistan has emerged as a leading uranium producer, accounting for 7% of global production in 2022. The state-run company Navoiuran has led this expansion, leveraging advanced in-situ leaching (ISL) techniques to increase efficiency and minimize environmental impact. Its collaborations with global stakeholders—including joint ventures with France’s Orano and China’s CNUC—have positioned the country as a benchmark in uranium mining and processing. Beyond uranium, Uzbekistan also boasts significant gold and copper capabilities through national companies like NMMC and AMMC.
Diplomatic Momentum: Laying the Groundwork for Joint Projects
Recent high-level visits—first from Mongolian President Ukhnaagiin Khurelsukh to Tashkent, followed by an expected visit from President Shavkat Mirziyoyev to Ulaanbaatar—have helped catalyze deeper economic ties. A direct flight route between the two capitals is set to launch soon, further facilitating trade and investment.
Exploration Moves Forward: Uzbek Presence in Ulaanbaatar
In June 2025, a delegation from Uzbekistan’s newly formed Uzbek Overseas Geology Company LLC and Navoiuran visited Mongolia to formalize groundwork for joint exploration. As part of this mission:
What’s Next: Joint Exploration of Uranium, Copper, and Gold
Uzbekistan is eyeing active participation in Mongolia’s mining sector—starting with uranium but extending to copper and gold. Navoiuran is expected to deploy its ISL techniques and draw on decades of cross-border project management. In parallel, NMMC is assessing prospects to expand into Mongolia’s gold and copper ventures, further tightening economic cooperation between the two nations.
Why It Matters: Critical Minerals and Geopolitical Realignment
As global demand for uranium and rare earths accelerates—particularly for energy transition technologies—this Uzbekistan-Mongolia partnership could prove pivotal. Both nations bring unique strengths to the table: Mongolia offers vast geological potential, while Uzbekistan provides the technical know-how and regulatory maturity. Together, they are poised to become influential players in shaping a more diversified, resilient, and secure global minerals supply chain.
Conclusion: A Model for South-South Collaboration in Critical Minerals
The expanding partnership between Uzbekistan and Mongolia stands as a compelling example of South-South cooperation in the energy transition era. By aligning technical capacity with geological potential, and underpinned by a spirit of mutual benefit, both nations are demonstrating how strategic diplomacy and industry collaboration can drive long-term economic resilience. As global supply chains continue to realign around transparency, diversification, and sustainability, initiatives like this one offer a blueprint for the future of responsible mining and shared prosperity.
